Acute renal failure as an independent risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease.

A single-center observational study.

Abstract

Introduction: The incidence of acute renal failure (AKI) in noncritical hospital areas ranges from 0.5% to 13%. This rate varies from 25% to over 45% in intensive care units. This study aims to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury and understand its association with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a public reference center in Mexico City.

Methods: This observational longitudinal study was conducted at Hospital Juárez de México from 2017 to 2018, involving hospitalized adult patients with at least two serum creatinine measurements. Patients diagnosed with AKI were identified, and those with CKD within 90 days were noted. The relationship between AKI and the development of CKD was examined using logistic regression. The prevalence of AKI and the prevalence of CKD among patients diagnosed with AKI were calculated.

Results: A total of 160 patients were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was 58%, while the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients presenting with AKI was 55%. A significant association was found between AKI and the subsequent development of CKD at 90 days (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min x 1.72 m²), with an odds ratio (OR) of 16.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.34 - 34.54) and a P value of <0.001. Other factors that may impact AKI, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), age, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), sepsis, sex, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were assessed through multivariate analysis; however, no significant association was observed.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant association between an episode of AKI and the risk of developing CKD within 90 days.