Lithium poisoning. State of the art.

Abstract

Introduction: Lithium has been used for more than a century for mood disorders; it is the treatment of choice for bipolar affective disorder. One of its drawbacks is its narrow therapeutic index and the complications associated with supratherapeutic concentrations, which is why lithium poisoning is frequent. Clinical suspicion, clinical manifestations, and measurement of lithium levels are essential for diagnosis. Treatment includes supportive measures and renal support therapies.

Objective of the review: The aim is to provide the reader with an update on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to lithium-induced poisoning.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out in various sources: PubMed (Medline, United States Library of Congress), Science Direct, Scopus, Embase, and Lilacs; the search was restricted to references in Spanish and English, with no publication date limit. Keywords in English and Spanish were used. The different authors reviewed the references found in the search to proceed with elaborating on the document later.

Conclusion: Lithium poisoning is a frequent entity with high morbidity and mortality; in many cases, it can be prevented with adequate follow-up and periodic lithemia. Carrying out adequate treatment is the best tool to avoid irreversible complications, especially when starting renal support therapy is indicated since it continues to be the best therapeutic option in severe poisoning.